We can’t go on meeting like this – Part 2 Better Meetings

Take the opportunity to re-engineer meetings and so do them better

The average business professional in the USA attends more than two meetings a day. Nine out of ten participants admit to daydreaming. 73% have brought other work to meetings and 39% say they have dozed off. One firm reported that 80% of top management time was taken up discussing issues that account for less than 20% of the company’s long term value. Psychologists found that the effectiveness of meetings influences the well-being of employees and their attitude towards work. So it seems like a good idea for companies to get better at meetings. The shift to online is a useful opportunity to rethink.

Is a meeting really necessary?

The first question to ask is do we really need a meeting? Do you need people to interact with one another to share opinions and knowledge, and build a shared picture of the issue under discussion? If so then a well-run meeting is ideal. In most cases of sharing information, e-mail or voicemail will probably suffice. Busy people cannot afford to waste time in chit-chat or admiring reports that are to bolster someone’s self-esteem. A productive meeting must have a clear purpose and objective measures of success.

Laundry lists

In her book The Manager’s Guide to Effective Meetings (McGraw-Hill, 2002), Barbara Streibel says:

If I’m organizing a meeting, I want to get beyond “discuss”.  Maybe “discuss and decide.” Or “discuss and build a plan,” or “discuss and identify key barriers to success.” I want an action. I don’t need a laundry list of what’s happened in the last week.

15 practical hints to make meetings more effective, whether or not online:

  1. Break the superstitious habit; meet only for defined purposes
  2. Build a time-sensitive agenda and distribute it in advance
  3. Make sure only the right people attend
  4. Do as much pre-work as you can in advance
  5. Don’t force people to remain if the meeting has moved on to matters that don’t concern them
  6. Don’t tolerate digressions, ego-trips or time-stealers
  7. Gather and share feedback and use it to become better at running or taking part in meetings
  8. Record and distribute minutes for each meeting
  9. Break into small groups for problem-solving
  10. Before meeting, send out relevant information by email
  11. Apply agreed rules to govern how people behave in groups
  12. Use the correct tools and methods for brainstorming, categorising, voting/prioritising, group decision-making, surveys, action plans, meeting documentation.
  13. Start and end meetings on time
  14. Don’t let meetings drag on for too long – break the work into a series of short, virtual meetings
  15. Set a periodic meetings-free day

What next?

Part three of this ten-part series is about selecting the right tools and making best use of what you already have.

We’ll post it in a couple of days time, so do please come back.

We’re hoping you will add your own ideas to these blog items too, so we can create of it something that is representative of the experience of a wide range of  practitioners and helps us all to understand what works and what doesn’t.

We can’t go on meeting like this – Part 1 Business Case

Be clear about your business case

At the present time, with so much potential for disruption to travel plans, making a business case for online meetings is rather like arguing the ROI of emergency evacuation procedures. Who knows where and when fire will break out; no-one expects it. However Business Continuity Management is not the only game in town.

Meetings are expensive. Gartner suggests they might represent one of the largest costs to enter­prise, second only to labour.

Online meetings cost less. IBM estimates that an in-person meeting costs about US$600 per hour whereas a Web conference is about US$6 per hour. This insight helps them to save over US$4 million in travel expenses per month using Instant Messaging and Web Conferencing.

So even if some emergency has not prevented a face-to-face meeting, there are valuable benefits from meeting online:

  1. You don’t need to book and set up a venue, and so you save the cost of:
  • a venue (even in-house meeting rooms cost money to provide);
  • power (lighting, heating, powering equipment);
  • equipment (video camera, sound-recorder, TV, video player, LCD Projector);
  • consumables (Whiteboard, markers, stationery);
  • meals and refreshments.
  1. You do not have to bring remote people to a venue, so you save the cost of:
  • travel;
  • board and lodging.

You also recover opportunity costs such as loss of productivity due to absence and time spent in travelling. A person can take part in a single day in meetings that might have needed to be in different locations. Online meetings tend to be shorter and more focused since they do not include the same degree of socialising.

Of course online meetings are not cost-free, but many of the costs, such as connection to The Internet, depreciation of computers, electricity and phone are already included in “business as usual”. Licences to use web-conferencing, VoIP or Instant Messaging software vary from nil to perhaps £5 per seat per month in a large enterprise.

Compared with face-to-face, online meetings often add extra value:

  • Automatic tracking of time and levels of participation
  • You can go online “at the drop of a hat”
  • You use records of meetings store and share ideas and decisions and how they were reached
  • Most conferencing tools are adaptable for very large or very small group meetings

Very few wish to be an early adopter, so it may be reassuring to review some of the headlines emerging from research in 2009:

  • Planners intend to make greater use of alternative meeting methods in the months ahead, including Webinars (54 percent), teleconferencing (48 percent), and videoconferencing (30 percent)”.
  • A survey of nearly 1000 people in the UK showed 70% of corporate organisers and 64% of intermediary agencies predict a growth in virtual conferences and a reduction in live events in the coming year.
  • 56% of corporate buyers and 59% of intermediary agencies forecast fewer live events.
  • Only 7% of corporates predicted an increase in live events in 2010.
  • ABM and Forrester (April 2009): “75% of business decision-makers attended three or more Web-based events during the past 12 months”.

And finally (travel agents look away now):

  • February 2009 Gartner – high-definition based video meetings to replace 2.1 million airline seats annually by 2012, saving US$3.5 billion in travel and hospitality.

Web meetings, webinars and virtual classrooms compared

Unless I’ve missed something important, there seem to be three distinct uses for real-time online commmunications. The following table represents a first attempt at clarifying the discriminating characteristics of these three:

  Web meetings Webinars Virtual classrooms
Primary purpose To solve problems and make decisions To share ideas and experiences To facilitate learning
Secondary purposes To provide updates To promote the speaker or organiser None
Face-to-face equivalent A short business meeting A session at a seminar or conference A classroom session
Who’s in charge? The chair of the meeting The host and/or presenter The teacher / trainer
Typical activities Presentation of situation updates and proposals; discussion of proposals; decision-making; action planning Presentation of ideas and experiences; demonstrations; polling of audience opinion; Q&A; discussion; participant-to-participant text chat (back channel) Ice  breakers; presentation of formal content; software demos (for IT training); group exercises and activities; discussion; formative and summative assessment
Visual focus Participant webcams; shared documents; slides Slides; presenter webcam; text chat; polls; website tours Slides; electronic whiteboard; questions/polls; shared applications; website tours; text chat
Auditory focus Participants’ vocal contributions Host / presenters’ voices; possibly also participants’ vocal contributions Teacher/trainer’s voice and participants’ vocal contributions
Most frequently used interactive devices Voice; text chat Voice; text chat; polls Voice; text chat; electronic whiteboard; questions/polls; application sharing; break-out rooms
Tangible outputs Agreed actions / minutes Recordings; participant feedback Recordings; participant feedback; assessment scores

If you believe there are other, distinct forms, or feel you could refine or add to this table, I’d love to hear from you.